power. Whether some of them were Burushos is an open question.
Maybe the "Bon-po-mantras" were rather texts in a non-Tibetan
language.
We cannot exclude the possibility that in a later period, when
descendants of the Great Dynasty united Ladakh and other west-
ern marches of the former empire in a Buddhist state, the rulers
of Bolor sided with the opposition. Since there was already a well
established association of heretics, namely the Bonpos - the Balür-
in-Shah - also called Bhatta-Shäh, joined this creed without alter-
ing the local beliefs and customs. But I am aware that this is not
the orthodox interpretation and therefore all hints given by Prof
SAGASTER have been preserved in the text.
Boris LiTViNSKiJ has put a valuable contribution at our disposal.
By the end of his long and successful career, Sir Aurel STEIN had
earned such a reputation as explorer of Central Asia and specialist
for the northwestern marches of the British Empire that a hoard
consisting of two bronze objects which came to light by a landslide
near Imit (not far from the junction of the valleys Ishkoman and
Karumbar) was forwarded by the Political Agent in Gilgit to
STElN's refuge, a hill-station in Kashmir. Interpretation and
publication became his task, and he fulfilled it perfectly in a
chapter of his last, posthumous article (1944). Copies of the
^M//ebn o/' the Schoo/ o/ Obento/ (onb A/bcon) Stob/e.s were not
easily accessible in post-war Germany, so I learnt of this remark-
able discovery from a Russian publication written by Boris LlT-
VINSKIJ. During the opening of an archaeological exhibition in
Munich, I told about the objects and their possible meaning to a
member of the staff of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford present
at this occasion, and he did understand that I spoke of two enig-
matic objects which had been delivered to his museum as part of
the bequest of Sir Aurel STEIN.
The description is given in this volume, but in German, so I may
repeat that the large piece is a rhyton in the shape of a bearded
centaur presenting an ibex in the hands of his arms stretched for-
ward. On the breast of the horse-shaped body a sprout is visible.
On the back of the horse-body, a funnel-shaped topping is fixed.
This vessel was called "Hellenistic" by STEIN. The second object
is a dipper with three handles, two of them longated rings, and
XV
Maybe the "Bon-po-mantras" were rather texts in a non-Tibetan
language.
We cannot exclude the possibility that in a later period, when
descendants of the Great Dynasty united Ladakh and other west-
ern marches of the former empire in a Buddhist state, the rulers
of Bolor sided with the opposition. Since there was already a well
established association of heretics, namely the Bonpos - the Balür-
in-Shah - also called Bhatta-Shäh, joined this creed without alter-
ing the local beliefs and customs. But I am aware that this is not
the orthodox interpretation and therefore all hints given by Prof
SAGASTER have been preserved in the text.
Boris LiTViNSKiJ has put a valuable contribution at our disposal.
By the end of his long and successful career, Sir Aurel STEIN had
earned such a reputation as explorer of Central Asia and specialist
for the northwestern marches of the British Empire that a hoard
consisting of two bronze objects which came to light by a landslide
near Imit (not far from the junction of the valleys Ishkoman and
Karumbar) was forwarded by the Political Agent in Gilgit to
STElN's refuge, a hill-station in Kashmir. Interpretation and
publication became his task, and he fulfilled it perfectly in a
chapter of his last, posthumous article (1944). Copies of the
^M//ebn o/' the Schoo/ o/ Obento/ (onb A/bcon) Stob/e.s were not
easily accessible in post-war Germany, so I learnt of this remark-
able discovery from a Russian publication written by Boris LlT-
VINSKIJ. During the opening of an archaeological exhibition in
Munich, I told about the objects and their possible meaning to a
member of the staff of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford present
at this occasion, and he did understand that I spoke of two enig-
matic objects which had been delivered to his museum as part of
the bequest of Sir Aurel STEIN.
The description is given in this volume, but in German, so I may
repeat that the large piece is a rhyton in the shape of a bearded
centaur presenting an ibex in the hands of his arms stretched for-
ward. On the breast of the horse-shaped body a sprout is visible.
On the back of the horse-body, a funnel-shaped topping is fixed.
This vessel was called "Hellenistic" by STEIN. The second object
is a dipper with three handles, two of them longated rings, and
XV