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for an author can never be the sole basis for rejection of his existence. Indeed, I would
suggest that, contrary to the traditional assumption that Malalas only used a very lim-
ited number of sources directly, the confusions and problems in his chronicle are the
result of an unsuccessful integration of material drawn from many texts. Obviously, as
I have indicated, many references are only second-hand, but that is no reason to em-
brace a radical reduction of the number of sources - which, in any case, only shifts the
problem away from Malalas to another, earlier author. Indeed, what may have made
Malalas attractive for future generations was the bewildering breadth of knowledge,
drawn from many quarters.
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